{"id":4451,"date":"2020-12-24T19:50:37","date_gmt":"2020-12-24T11:50:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yanjingang.com\/blog\/?p=4451"},"modified":"2020-12-29T18:24:16","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T10:24:16","slug":"c%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yanjingang.com\/blog\/?p=4451","title":{"rendered":"C++\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u662fC++\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5207\u9f7f\u75db\u6068\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fC++\u6700\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cC++\u9ad8\u624b\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0cC++\u83dc\u9e1f\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u904d\u4e00\u904d\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u5bf9C++\u7684\u75db\u6068\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5728C++\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2aC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u60f3\u6210\u4e3aC++\u9ad8\u624b\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u5173\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u653e\u5f03C++\uff0c\u8f6c\u5230Java\u6216\u8005C#\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f60\u4e5f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6743\uff0c\u8fd8\u653e\u5f03\u4e86C++\u8d85\u7edd\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u672c\u671f\u4e13\u9898\u5c06\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8C++\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/h1>\n

\u4f1f\u5927\u7684Bill Gates\u00a0\u66fe\u7ecf\u5931\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n

640K ought to be enough for everybody\u00a0\u2014\u00a0Bill Gates 1981<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7f16\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u63d0\u5fc3\u540a\u80c6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u89e6\u96f7\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u6709\u6f5c\u4f0f\u7684\u5730\u96f7\u5e76\u4e14\u6392\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8eb2\u662f\u8eb2\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u7684\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u9700\u7ec6\u5fc3\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u901a\u6653\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1 C++\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n

1.1.1 \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

1.1.1.1\u00a0\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n

\u5728C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u62105\u4e2a\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6808(Stack)\u3001\u5806(Heap)\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u3001\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u548c\u5e38\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u3002Text\/Date\/Bss\u6bb5\u5728\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5373\u5df2\u5206\u597d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u6808\u533a\u3001\u5806\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6808\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u81ea\u52a8\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u8fd0\u7b97\u5185\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5806\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531new\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u53bb\u7ba1\uff0c\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u4e2anew\u5c31\u8981\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2adelete\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e\u6389\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531malloc\u7b49\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u5806\u662f\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u662f\u7528free\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u548c\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5728C++\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u5360\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1.1.2\u00a0\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u5806\u4e0e\u6808<\/h4>\n

\u5728bbs\u4e0a\uff0c\u5806\u4e0e\u6808\u7684\u533a\u5206\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u62ff\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u5200\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

void f() { int* p=new int[5]; }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6761\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5806\u4e0e\u6808\uff0c\u770b\u5230new\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6307\u9488p\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u5206\u914d\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u6808\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u5757\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6307\u9488p\u3002\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528operator new\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u653e\u5165\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728VC6\u4e0b\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
00401028 push 14h\r\n0040102A call operator new (00401060)\r\n0040102F add esp,4\r\n00401032 mov dword ptr [ebp-8],eax\r\n00401035 mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-8]\r\n00401038 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],eax<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\u91ca\u653e\u5462\uff1f\u662fdelete p\u4e48\uff1f\u6fb3\uff0c\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662fdelete []p\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u544a\u8bc9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff1a\u6211\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cVC6\u5c31\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684Cookie\u4fe1\u606f\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.1.3\u00a0\u5806\u548c\u6808\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h4>\n
\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u5806\u548c\u6808\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u80fd\u5426\u4ea7\u751f\u788e\u7247\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<\/p>\n
6\u3001\u5206\u914d\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6808\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u5de5\u63a7\u5236\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5806\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751fmemory leak\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2\u572832\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u52304G\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6808\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728VC6\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u662f1M\uff08\u597d\u50cf\u662f\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u83dc\u5355\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aProject->Setting->Link\uff0c\u5728Category\u00a0\u4e2d\u9009\u4e2dOutput\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728Reserve\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5806\u6808\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548ccommit\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1areserve\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u4e3a4Byte\uff1bcommit\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9875\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6808\u5f00\u8f9f\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u788e\u7247\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5806\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u7684new\/delete\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6808\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6808\u662f\u5148\u8fdb\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u4ece\u6808\u4e2d\u95f4\u5f39\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5f39\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u540e\u8fdb\u7684\u6808\u5185\u5bb9\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f39\u51fa\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4e00\u4e00\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5806\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u7740\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6808\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5411\u7740\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u51cf\u5c0f\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5806\u90fd\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9759\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5806\u3002\u6808\u67092\u79cd\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u9759\u6001\u5206\u914d\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u3002\u9759\u6001\u5206\u914d\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7531alloca\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6808\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u548c\u5806\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u662f\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u5de5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u867d\u7136\u6808\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u548c\u5806\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5206\u914d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u5806\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5806\u8fd8\u662f\u6808\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8d8a\u754c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u662f\u6545\u610f\u4f7f\u5176\u8d8a\u754c\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d8a\u754c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u6467\u6bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5806\u3001\u6808\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c,\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u5d29\u6389\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019debug\u53ef\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff1a\uff09<\/p>\n
1.1.2 \u63a7\u5236C++\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528C++\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9new\u00a0\u548c\u00a0delete\u00a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u5931\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5177\u6709\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5374\u662fC++\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5bb9\u6613\u800c\u4e14\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4eec\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528new\u00a0\u548c\u00a0delete\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fC++\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u5806\u7834\u788e\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fe0\u544a\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u5f53\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528new\u00a0\u548cdelete\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236C++\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684new\u00a0\u548cdelete\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u91cd\u8f7dnew\u00a0\u548cdelete\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u9632\u6b62\u5806\u7834\u788e\u7684\u901a\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6301\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u91cd\u8f7dnew\u00a0\u548cdelete\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.2.1\u00a0\u91cd\u8f7d\u5168\u5c40\u7684new\u548cdelete\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/h4>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u91cd\u8f7dnew\u00a0\u548c\u00a0delete\u00a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a:<\/p>\n
void * operator new(size_t size)\r\n{\r\n  void *p = malloc(size);\r\n  return (p);\r\n}\r\nvoid operator delete(void *p);\r\n{\r\n  free(p);\r\n} <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u89e3\u91caC++\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528malloc()\u00a0\u548cfree()\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684new\u00a0\u548c\u00a0delete\u00a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u80fd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n
class TestClass {\r\n  public:\r\n  void * operator new(size_t size);\r\n  void operator delete(void *p);\r\n    \/\/ .. other members here ...\r\n};\r\nvoid *TestClass::operator new(size_t size)\r\n{\r\n  void *p = malloc(size); \/\/ Replace this with alternative allocator\r\n  return (p);\r\n}\r\nvoid TestClass::operator delete(void *p)\r\n{\r\n  free(p); \/\/ Replace this with alternative de-allocator\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u6709TestClass\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eceTestClass\u00a0\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7c7b\u4e5f\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e86new\u00a0\u548c\u00a0delete\u00a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u8f7dnew\u00a0\u548c\u00a0delete\u00a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.2.2\u00a0\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u7c7b\u91cd\u8f7d\u00a0new[ ]\u548cdelete[ ]<\/h4>\n
\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u88ab\u4f60\u91cd\u8f7d\u8fc7\u7684new\u00a0\u548c\u00a0delete\u00a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u7684new[ ]\u548cdelete[ ]\u00a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5806\u3002<\/p>\n
C++\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8f7dnew[ ]\u00a0\u548c\u00a0delete[ ]\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
class TestClass {\r\n  public:\r\n    void * operator new[ ](size_t size);\r\n    void operator delete[ ](void *p);\r\n    \/\/ .. other members here ..\r\n};\r\nvoid *TestClass::operator new[ ](size_t size)\r\n{\r\n  void *p = malloc(size);\r\n  return (p);\r\n}\r\nvoid TestClass::operator delete[ ](void *p)\r\n{\r\n  free(p);\r\n}\r\nint main(void)\r\n{\r\n  TestClass *p = new TestClass[10];\r\n  \/\/ ... etc ...\r\n  delete[ ] p;\r\n} <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u6570C++\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0cnew[]\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u52a0\u4e0a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5206\u914d\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.3 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u7b56<\/h3>\n
\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u5230\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u5927\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u65f6\u9690\u65f6\u73b0\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6539\u9519\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u7528\u6237\u6012\u6c14\u51b2\u51b2\u5730\u628a\u4f60\u627e\u6765\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u8d70\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u53c8\u53d1\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002\u00a0\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u7b56\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
*\u00a0\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u672a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5374\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b0\u624b\u5e38\u72af\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4f1a\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5426\u4e3aNULL\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u9488p\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5904\u7528assert(p!=NULL)\u8fdb\u884c<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7528malloc\u6216new\u6765\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528if(p==NULL)\u00a0\u6216if(p!=NULL)\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u9519\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u00a0\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u867d\u7136\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c31\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u72af\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d77\u56e0\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u521d\u503c\u5168\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f15\u7528\u521d\u503c\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u3002\u00a0\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u521d\u503c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u4e3a\u96f6\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b81\u53ef\u4fe1\u5176\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u5176\u6709\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bba\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u90fd\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u8d4b\u521d\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8d4b\u96f6\u503c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5acc\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u00a0\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u4e0b\u6807\u201c\u591a1\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5c111\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728for\u5faa\u73af\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u9519\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u7ec4\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d8a\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u00a0\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n
\u542b\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6bcf\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u4e22\u5931\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u7ec8\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a81\u7136\u6b7b\u6389\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5bf9\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2dmalloc\u4e0efree\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff08new\/delete\u540c\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u00a0\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u5374\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u96be\u4ee5\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u51fd\u6570\u7684return\u8bed\u53e5\u5199\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411\u201c\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6307\u9488\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff083\uff09\u4f7f\u7528free\u6216delete\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u6307\u9488\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aNULL\u3002\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u89c4\u52191\u3011\u7528malloc\u6216new\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7acb\u5373\u68c0\u67e5\u6307\u9488\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3aNULL\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u503c\u4e3aNULL\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u89c4\u52192\u3011\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u8d4b\u521d\u503c\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u5c06\u672a\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f3\u503c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u89c4\u52193\u3011\u907f\u514d\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u8981\u5f53\u5fc3\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u591a1\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5c111\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u89c4\u52194\u3011\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5bf9\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u89c4\u52195\u3011\u7528free\u6216delete\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5c06\u6307\u9488\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aNULL\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.4 \u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n
C++\/C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u9488\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u66ff\u6362\u7740\u7528\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\uff08\u5982\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5411\uff09\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5176\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u5bb9\u91cf\u5728\u751f\u547d\u671f\u5185\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u6307\u5411\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u6307\u9488\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6307\u9488\u8fdc\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u66f4\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e3a\u4f8b\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.4.1\u00a0\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4a\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f6\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3ahello\u3002a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5982a[0]=\u00a0\u2018X\u2019\u3002\u6307\u9488p\u6307\u5411\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cworld\u201d\uff08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3aworld\uff09\uff0c\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u8bed\u53e5p[0]=\u00a0\u2018X\u2019\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u59a5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f01\u56fe\u4fee\u6539\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd0\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
char a[] = \u201chello\u201d;\r\na[0] = \u2018X\u2019;\r\ncout << a << endl;\r\nchar *p = \u201cworld\u201d; \/\/ \u6ce8\u610fp\u6307\u5411\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\r\np[0] = \u2018X\u2019; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\r\ncout << p << endl;<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.1.4.2\u00a0\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h4>\n
\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u628a\u6570\u7ec4a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u7ed9\u6570\u7ec4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8bed\u53e5\u00a0b = a\u00a0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u51fd\u6570strcpy\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83b\u548ca\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528if(b==a)\u00a0\u6765\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u51fd\u6570strcmp\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bed\u53e5p = a\u00a0\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u628aa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u6307\u9488p\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628aa\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8d4b\u7ed9\u4e86p\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u590d\u5236a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7528\u5e93\u51fd\u6570malloc\u4e3ap\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3astrlen(a)+1\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u518d\u7528strcpy\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u590d\u5236\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u8bed\u53e5if(p==a)\u00a0\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u662f\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u5e93\u51fd\u6570strcmp\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6570\u7ec4\u2026\r\nchar a[] = \"hello\";\r\nchar b[10];\r\nstrcpy(b, a); \/\/ \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 b = a;\r\nif(strcmp(b, a) == 0) \/\/ \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 if (b == a)\r\n\u2026\r\n\/\/ \u6307\u9488\u2026\r\nint len = strlen(a);\r\nchar *p = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*(len+1));\r\nstrcpy(p,a); \/\/ \u4e0d\u8981\u7528 p = a;\r\nif(strcmp(p, a) == 0) \/\/ \u4e0d\u8981\u7528 if (p == a)\r\n\u2026<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.1.4.3\u00a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf<\/h4>\n
\u7528\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26sizeof\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0csizeof(a)\u7684\u503c\u662f12\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u2019\u2019\uff09\u3002\u6307\u9488p\u6307\u5411a\uff0c\u4f46\u662fsizeof(p)\u7684\u503c\u5374\u662f4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3asizeof(p)\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8esizeof(char*)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fp\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002C++\/C\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
char a[] = \"hello world\";\r\nchar *p = a;\r\ncout<< sizeof(a) << endl; \/\/ 12\u5b57\u8282\r\ncout<< sizeof(p) << endl; \/\/ 4\u5b57\u8282<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u6570\u7ec4a\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0csizeof(a)\u59cb\u7ec8\u7b49\u4e8esizeof(char *)\u3002<\/p>\n
void Func(char a[100])\r\n{\r\n\u3000cout<< sizeof(a) << endl; \/\/ 4\u5b57\u8282\u800c\u4e0d\u662f100\u5b57\u8282\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.1.5 \u6307\u9488\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u9012\u5185\u5b58\u7684\uff1f<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6307\u671b\u7528\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u53bb\u7533\u8bf7\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cTest\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u53e5GetMemory(str, 200)\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7fstr\u83b7\u5f97\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0cstr\u4f9d\u65e7\u662fNULL\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n
void GetMemory(char *p, int num)\r\n{\r\n\u3000p = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * num);\r\n}\r\nvoid Test(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char *str = NULL;\r\n\u3000GetMemory(str, 100); \/\/ str \u4ecd\u7136\u4e3a NULL\r\n\u3000strcpy(str, \"hello\"); \/\/ \u8fd0\u884c\u9519\u8bef\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6bdb\u75c5\u51fa\u5728\u51fd\u6570GetMemory\u4e2d\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u603b\u662f\u8981\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5236\u4f5c\u4e34\u65f6\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u6307\u9488\u53c2\u6570p\u7684\u526f\u672c\u662f\u00a0_p\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f7f\u00a0_p = p\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fee\u6539\u4e86_p\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u53c2\u6570p\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u8f93\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c_p\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u628a_p\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662fp\u4e1d\u6beb\u672a\u53d8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u51fd\u6570GetMemory\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21GetMemory\u5c31\u4f1a\u6cc4\u9732\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u7528free\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u975e\u5f97\u8981\u7528\u6307\u9488\u53c2\u6570\u53bb\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u7528\u201c\u6307\u5411\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u201d\uff0c\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
void GetMemory2(char **p, int num)\r\n{\r\n\u3000*p = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * num);\r\n}\r\nvoid Test2(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char *str = NULL;\r\n\u3000GetMemory2(&str, 100); \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f\u53c2\u6570\u662f &str\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fstr\r\n\u3000strcpy(str, \"hello\");\r\n\u3000cout<< str << endl;\r\n\u3000free(str);\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u6307\u5411\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u9488\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
char *GetMemory3(int num)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char *p = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * num);\r\n\u3000return p;\r\n}\r\nvoid Test3(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char *str = NULL;\r\n\u3000str = GetMemory3(100);\r\n\u3000strcpy(str, \"hello\");\r\n\u3000cout<< str << endl;\r\n\u3000free(str);\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u628areturn\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u8981\u7528return\u8bed\u53e5\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411\u201c\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u201d\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
char *GetString(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char p[] = \"hello world\";\r\n\u3000return p; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c06\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\r\n}\r\nvoid Test4(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char *str = NULL;\r\n\u3000str = GetString(); \/\/ str \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5783\u573e\r\n\u3000cout<< str << endl;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u9010\u6b65\u8ddf\u8e2aTest4\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6267\u884cstr = GetString\u8bed\u53e5\u540estr\u4e0d\u518d\u662fNULL\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4f46\u662fstr\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u662f\u201chello world\u201d\u800c\u662f\u5783\u573e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u6539\u5199\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f<\/p>\n
char *GetString2(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char *p = \"hello world\";\r\n\u3000return p;\r\n}\r\nvoid Test5(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char *str = NULL;\r\n\u3000str = GetString2();\r\n\u3000cout<< str << endl;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u51fd\u6570Test5\u8fd0\u884c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51fd\u6570GetString2\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6982\u5ff5\u5374\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aGetString2\u5185\u7684\u201chello world\u201d\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u751f\u547d\u671f\u5185\u6052\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8c03\u7528GetString2\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u53ea\u8bfb\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.6 \u675c\u7edd\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d<\/h3>\n
\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\u4e0d\u662fNULL\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5411\u201c\u5783\u573e\u201d\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9519\u7528NULL\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528if\u8bed\u53e5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\u662f\u5f88\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0cif\u8bed\u53e5\u5bf9\u5b83\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u00a0\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u521a\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6210\u4e3aNULL\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e71\u6307\u4e00\u6c14\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c06\u6307\u9488\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aNULL\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8ba9\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n
char *p = NULL;\r\nchar *str = (char *) malloc(100);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uff082\uff09\u6307\u9488p\u88abfree\u6216\u8005delete\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f6e\u4e3aNULL\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3ap\u662f\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff083\uff09\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8ba9\u4eba\u9632\u4e0d\u80dc\u9632\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
class A\r\n{\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000void Func(void){ cout << \u201cFunc of class A\u201d << endl; }\r\n};\r\nvoid Test(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000A *p;\r\n\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000A a;\r\n\u3000\u3000p = &a; \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f a \u7684\u751f\u547d\u671f\r\n\u3000}\r\n\u3000p->Func(); \/\/ p\u662f\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u51fd\u6570Test\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8bed\u53e5p->Func()\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u800cp\u662f\u6307\u5411a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5p\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u6211\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u5c45\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.7 \u6709\u4e86malloc\/free\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u8981new\/delete\uff1f<\/h3>\n
malloc\u4e0efree\u662fC++\/C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\uff0cnew\/delete\u662fC++\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7533\u8bf7\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5149\u7528maloc\/free\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u6d88\u4ea1\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7531\u4e8emalloc\/free\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u9650\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u6267\u884c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8emalloc\/free\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64C++\u8bed\u8a00\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26new\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6e05\u7406\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26delete\u3002\u6ce8\u610fnew\/delete\u4e0d\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u770bmalloc\/free\u548cnew\/delete\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Obj\r\n{\r\n\u3000public :\r\n\u3000\u3000Obj(void){ cout << \u201cInitialization\u201d << endl; }\r\n\u3000\u3000~Obj(void){ cout << \u201cDestroy\u201d << endl; }\r\n\u3000\u3000void Initialize(void){ cout << \u201cInitialization\u201d << endl; }\r\n\u3000\u3000void Destroy(void){ cout << \u201cDestroy\u201d << endl; }\r\n};\r\nvoid UseMallocFree(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000Obj *a = (obj *)malloc(sizeof(obj)); \/\/ \u7533\u8bf7\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\r\n\u3000a->Initialize(); \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\r\n\u3000\/\/\u2026\r\n\u3000a->Destroy(); \/\/ \u6e05\u9664\u5de5\u4f5c\r\n\u3000free(a); \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\r\n}\r\nvoid UseNewDelete(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000Obj *a = new Obj; \/\/ \u7533\u8bf7\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u4e14\u521d\u59cb\u5316\r\n\u3000\/\/\u2026\r\n\u3000delete a; \/\/ \u6e05\u9664\u5e76\u4e14\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7c7bObj\u7684\u51fd\u6570Initialize\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u51fd\u6570Destroy\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u51fd\u6570UseMallocFree\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8emalloc\/free\u4e0d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570Initialize\u548cDestroy\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u6e05\u9664\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u51fd\u6570UseNewDelete\u5219\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u4f01\u56fe\u7528malloc\/free\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528new\/delete\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u6ca1\u6709\u6784\u9020\u4e0e\u6790\u6784\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u800c\u8a00malloc\/free\u548cnew\/delete\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e2\u7136new\/delete\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u8986\u76d6\u4e86malloc\/free\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48C++\u4e0d\u628amalloc\/free\u6dd8\u6c70\u51fa\u5c40\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ecf\u5e38\u8981\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800cC\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ea\u80fd\u7528malloc\/free\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7528free\u91ca\u653e\u201cnew\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u56e0\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528delete\u91ca\u653e\u201cmalloc\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u201d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5f88\u5dee\u3002\u6240\u4ee5new\/delete\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\uff0cmalloc\/free\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.8 \u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0cmalloc\u548cnew\u5c06\u8fd4\u56deNULL\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u5185\u5b58\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u5224\u65ad\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5426\u4e3aNULL\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5219\u9a6c\u4e0a\u7528return\u8bed\u53e5\u7ec8\u6b62\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
void Func(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000A *a = new A;\r\n\u3000if(a == NULL)\r\n\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000return;\r\n\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uff082\uff09\u5224\u65ad\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5426\u4e3aNULL\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5219\u9a6c\u4e0a\u7528exit(1)\u7ec8\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
void Func(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000A *a = new A;\r\n\u3000if(a == NULL)\r\n\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000cout << \u201cMemory Exhausted\u201d << endl;\r\n\u3000\u3000exit(1);\r\n\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uff083\uff09\u4e3anew\u548cmalloc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Visual C++\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528_set_new_hander\u51fd\u6570\u4e3anew\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9malloc\u4eab\u7528\u4e0enew\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003C++\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff081\uff09\uff082\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u6709\u591a\u5904\u9700\u8981\u7533\u8bf7\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\uff081\uff09\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff082\uff09\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5fcd\u5fc3\u7528exit(1)\uff0c\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u9519\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8ba9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5df1\u89e3\u51b3\u884c\u4e0d\u884c\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u836f\u53ef\u6551\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528exit(1)\u00a0\u628a\u574f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6740\u6b7b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bb3\u6b7b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u9053\u7406\u5982\u540c\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u628a\u6b79\u5f92\u51fb\u6bd9\uff0c\u6b79\u5f92\u5728\u8001\u6b7b\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u72af\u4e0b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e32\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u6837\u4f7f\u7528malloc\u4e0enew\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u201d\u3002\u6211\u5728Windows 98\u4e0b\u7528Visual C++\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a32\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u201c\u865a\u5b58\u201d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7528\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u9876\u66ff\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u542c\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u560e\u5431\u560e\u5431\u5730\u54cd\uff0cWindow 98\u5df2\u7ecf\u7d2f\u5f97\u5bf9\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u6beb\u65e0\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e32\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u201d\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6beb\u65e0\u7528\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0b\u53ef\u628aUnix\u548cWindows\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4eec\u4e50\u574f\u4e86\uff1a\u53cd\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u5199\u4e86\uff0c\u7701\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u8bef\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u4e0d\u52a0\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u53ef\u56e0\u5c0f\u5931\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
void main(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000float *p = NULL;\r\n\u3000while(TRUE)\r\n\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000p = new float[1000000];\r\n\u3000\u3000cout << \u201ceat memory\u201d << endl;\r\n\u3000\u3000if(p==NULL)\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000exit(1);\r\n\u3000}\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
1.1.9 malloc\/free\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n
\u51fd\u6570malloc\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
void * malloc(size_t size);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7528malloc\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3alength\u7684\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
int *p = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * length);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u4e0a\uff1a\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u201d\u548c\u201csizeof\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
* malloc\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662fvoid *\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8c03\u7528malloc\u65f6\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5c06void *\u00a0\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
* malloc\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bc6\u522b\u8981\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u603b\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8bb0\u4e0d\u4f4fint, float\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982int\u53d8\u91cf\u572816\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u662f2\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u572832\u4f4d\u4e0b\u662f4\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u800cfloat\u53d8\u91cf\u572816\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u662f4\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u572832\u4f4d\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f4\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
cout << sizeof(char) << endl;\r\ncout << sizeof(int) << endl;\r\ncout << sizeof(unsigned int) << endl;\r\ncout << sizeof(long) << endl;\r\ncout << sizeof(unsigned long) << endl;\r\ncout << sizeof(float) << endl;\r\ncout << sizeof(double) << endl;\r\ncout << sizeof(void *) << endl;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728malloc\u7684\u201c()\u201d\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528sizeof\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u662f\u826f\u597d\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5f53\u5fc3\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u660f\u4e86\u5934\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u00a0p = malloc(sizeof(p))\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570free\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
void free( void * memblock );<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48free\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u8c61malloc\u51fd\u6570\u90a3\u6837\u590d\u6742\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6307\u9488p\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e8b\u5148\u90fd\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u8bed\u53e5free(p)\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679cp\u662fNULL\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48free\u5bf9p\u65e0\u8bba\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679cp\u4e0d\u662fNULL\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48free\u5bf9p\u8fde\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e24\u6b21\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.10 new\/delete\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n
\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26new\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u8981\u6bd4\u51fd\u6570malloc\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
int *p1 = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * length);\r\nint *p2 = new int[length];<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3anew\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86sizeof\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u8a00\uff0cnew\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48new\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n
class Obj\r\n{\r\n\u3000public :\r\n\u3000\u3000Obj(void); \/\/ \u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\r\n\u3000\u3000Obj(int x); \/\/ \u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\r\n\u3000\u3000\u2026\r\n}\r\nvoid Test(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000Obj *a = new Obj;\r\n\u3000Obj *b = new Obj(1); \/\/ \u521d\u503c\u4e3a1\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n\u3000delete a;\r\n\u3000delete b;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7528new\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
Obj *objects = new Obj[100]; \/\/\u00a0\u521b\u5efa100\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n
Obj *objects = new Obj[100](1);\/\/\u00a0\u521b\u5efa100\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8d4b\u521d\u503c1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u7528delete\u91ca\u653e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u7559\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u4e22\u4e86\u7b26\u53f7\u2018[]\u2019\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
delete []objects; \/\/\u00a0\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\r\ndelete objects; \/\/\u00a0\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u540e\u8005\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2 C++\u4e2d\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6307\u9488\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n
\u6211\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1a”\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f”\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7528new\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u7528delete\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7247\u65ad\u3001Windows\u4e2d\u7684GDI\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u662f\u5341\u5206\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5728\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u751f\u547d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u7740\uff0c\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7ea7\u522b\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u548c\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\uff08automatic and explicit\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u662f\u7531\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u6240\u6709\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6e05\u9664\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5728\u6e05\u9664\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u5916\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u5d4c\u5165\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u00a0\u3000\u3000\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u91ca\u653e\uff08\u7834\u574f\uff09\u662f\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u6240\u6709\u6743\u90fd\u662f\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5e38\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u9000\u51fa\u3001\u4e00\u4e2abreak\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u4e00\u4e2areturn\u3001\u4e00\u4e2agoto\u3001\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2athrow\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u52a8\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f88\u597d\uff01\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u6307\u9488\u3001\u53e5\u67c4\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\uff0cC++\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u5b83\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528new\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7528delete\u6765\u56de\u6536\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7528CreateFile(Win32 API)\u6253\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7528CloseHandle\u6765\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u7528EnterCritialSection\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u533a\uff08Critical Section\uff09\u9700\u8981LeaveCriticalSection\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a”\u88f8”\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u72b6\u6001\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.1 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff08RAII\uff09<\/h3>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u67c4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5c01\u88c5\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4f60\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u5728\u5f53\u5c01\u88c5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08Encapsulating Object\uff09\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u8005\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\uff01\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c01\u88c5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u94fe\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u7ec8\u6b62\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u6216\u8005\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6216\u8005\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8054\u7cfb\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662fWin32\u4e0b\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
class CritSect\r\n{\r\n\u3000friend class Lock;\r\n\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000CritSect () { InitializeCriticalSection (&_critSection); }\r\n\u3000\u3000~CritSect () { DeleteCriticalSection (&_critSection); }\r\n\r\n\u3000private:\r\n\u3000\u3000void Acquire ()\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000EnterCriticalSection (&_critSection);\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\r\n\u3000\u3000void Release ()\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000LeaveCriticalSection (&_critSection);\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\r\n\u3000private:\r\n\u3000\u3000CRITICAL_SECTION _critSection;\r\n\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u806a\u660e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u79bb\u5f00\u3002”\u8fdb\u5165”\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\uff08lock\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
class Lock\r\n{\r\n\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000Lock (CritSect& critSect) : _critSect (critSect)\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000_critSect.Acquire ();\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\r\n\u3000\u3000~Lock ()\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000_critSect.Release ();\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\r\n\u3000private\r\n\u3000\u3000CritSect & _critSect;\r\n\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u9501\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
void Shared::Act () throw (char *)\r\n{\r\n\u3000Lock lock (_critSect);\r\n\u3000\/\/ perform action \u2014\u2014 may throw\r\n\u3000\/\/ automatic destructor of lock\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u65e0\u8bba\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u90fd\u4f1a\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u6709\u9650\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u77f3\u5934\u6253\u4e24\u53ea\u9e1f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7533\u8bf7\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u60f3\u60f3\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6210\u529f\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5931\u8d25\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u907f\u514d\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u5668\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5d4c\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u6784\u9020\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u6784\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.2 Smart Pointers<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26new\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u7528\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u88c5\u7c7b\u5417\uff1f\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0cC++\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u677f\u5e93\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\uff0c\u53eb\u505aauto_ptr\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u5728\u56de\u5230auto_ptr\u3002\uff09\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u5446\u677f\u4f46\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684Smart Pointer\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u5341\u5206\u575a\u56fa\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
template <class T>\r\nclass SmartPointer\r\n{\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000~SmartPointer () { delete _p; }\r\n\u3000\u3000T * operator->() { return _p; }\r\n\u3000\u3000T const * operator->() const { return _p; }\r\n\u3000protected:\r\n\u3000\u3000SmartPointer (): _p (0) {}\r\n\u3000\u3000explicit SmartPointer (T* p): _p (p) {}\r\n\u3000\u3000T * _p;\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u628aSmartPointer\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3aprotected\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662fclass T\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5c01\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8c03\u7528new T\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053T\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aT\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1b\u6211\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7528\u5904\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fSmartPointer\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
class SmartItem: public SmartPointer<Item>\r\n{\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000explicit SmartItem (int i)\r\n\u3000\u3000: SmartPointer<Item> (new Item (i)) {}\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2aSmart Pointer\u771f\u7684\u503c\u5f97\u5417\uff1f\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\uff01\u4ed6\u5f88\u6709\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u9075\u5faa\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u677e\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u662f\u8ba9SmartPointer\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6210\u4e3apublic\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u662f\u662f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u505a\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\uff08Resource Transfer\uff09\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u7528new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u4e3aSmartPointer\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
SmartPointer<Item> item (new Item (i));<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u660e\u663e\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u63a7\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u62ec\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u8a93\u9664\u4e86\u505a\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u5916\u4e0d\u628a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u77e9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684new\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.3 Resource Transfer<\/h3>\n
\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u95f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5f53\u4f60\u5904\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e32\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5b58\u653e\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u5b89\u6392\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u8fd9\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709\u6cc4\u9732\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u8c61\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Smart Pointer\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u5bb9\u5668\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd8\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u540e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u52a0\u5165Release\u65b9\u6cd5\u5230Smart Pointer\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n
template <class T>\r\nT * SmartPointer<T>::Release ()\r\n{\r\n  T * pTmp = _p;\r\n  _p = 0;\r\n  return pTmp;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u5728Release\u8c03\u7528\u4ee5\u540e\uff0cSmart Pointer\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7a7a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u4e86Release\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u4e14\u8fc5\u901f\u9690\u85cf\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u8c03\u7528\u4e86Release\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2aStack\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
void Stack::Push (SmartPointer <Item> & item) throw (char *)\r\n{\r\n  if (_top == maxStack)\r\n    throw \"Stack overflow\";\r\n  _arr [_top++] = item.Release ();\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7528\u52a0\u5f3aRelease\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5e94\u7684Pop\u65b9\u6cd5\u8981\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u7948\u7977\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u4e14\u7acb\u5373\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u4f20\u9012\u5b83\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aSmart Pointer\uff1f\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.4 Strong Pointers<\/h3>\n
\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Windows NT Server\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662fWindows 2000\uff09\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u5341\u5206\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u60f3\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u5185\u5efa\u5165\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff1f\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f3a\u6307\u9488\uff08Strong Pointer\uff09\u548c\u5f31\u6307\u9488(Weak Pointer)\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aStrong Pointer\u4f1a\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2aSmartPointer\u76f8\u4f3c–\u5b83\u5728\u8d85\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u540e\u4f1a\u6e05\u9664\u4ed6\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u4f20\u9012\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5f3a\u6307\u9488\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709Weak Pointer\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61–\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u9488\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u58f0\u660e\u4e3aStrong\u6216\u8005Weak\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bed\u8a00\u5e94\u8be5\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Weak Pointer\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981Strong Pointer\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002Push\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2aStrong Pointer\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u5b83\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230Stack\u4e2d\u7684Strong Pointer\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u3002Pop\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aStrong Pointer\u3002\u628aStrong Pointer\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u8bed\u8a00\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898–\u4fee\u6539C++\u6807\u51c6\u51e0\u4e4e\u548c\u7ade\u9009\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u4e00\u6837\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u544a\u8bc9\u7ed9Bjarne Stroutrup\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u6211\u7684\u773c\u795e\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u6211\u521a\u521a\u8981\u5411\u4ed6\u501f\u4e00\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u6211\u7a81\u7136\u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ff5\u5934\u3002\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0Strong Pointers\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5f88\u60f3Smart Pointers\u3002\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u91cd\u8f7d\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684auto_ptr\u6709\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n
template <class T>\r\nSmartPointer<T>::SmartPointer (SmartPointer<T> & ptr)\r\n{\r\n  _p = ptr.Release ();\r\n}\r\ntemplate <class T>\r\nvoid SmartPointer<T>::operator = (SmartPointer<T> & ptr)\r\n{\r\n  if (_p != ptr._p)\r\n  {\r\n    delete _p;\r\n    _p = ptr.Release ();\r\n  }\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6574\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c01\u88c5\u6307\u9488\uff01\u6211\u6709\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u86cb\u7cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u4e86\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2aStack\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Stack\r\n{\r\n  enum { maxStack = 3 };\r\n  public:\r\n    Stack ()\r\n      : _top (0)\r\n      {}\r\n    void Push (SmartPointer<Item> & item) throw (char *)\r\n    {\r\n      if (_top >= maxStack)\r\n        throw \"Stack overflow\";\r\n      _arr [_top++] = item;\r\n    }\r\n    SmartPointer<Item> Pop ()\r\n    {\r\n      if (_top == 0)\r\n        return SmartPointer<Item> ();\r\n      return _arr [--_top];\r\n    }\r\n  private\r\n    int _top;\r\n    SmartPointer<Item> _arr [maxStack];\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
Pop\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f3a\u5236\u5ba2\u6237\u5c06\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2aStrong Pointer,SmartPointer<Item>\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aPop\u4ee5\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aStrong Pointer(\u5728Pop\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u65f6SmartPointer<Item>\u540e\u9762\u6ca1\u6709&\u7b26\u53f7)\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728return\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u4ed6\u8c03\u7528\u4e86operator =\u6765\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2aItem,\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u4ed6\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u3002\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u6700\u540e\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u6307\u5411Pop\u8d4b\u503c\u7684Strong Pointer\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aItem\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u9a6c\u4e0a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.5 Parser<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u8001\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5199\u7684\u3002\u5206\u6790\u5668\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6811\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u6790\u5668\u7684Expression\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u7528Strong Pointer\u53bb\u91cd\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u5668\u3002\u6211\u4ee4Expression\u3001Term\u548cFactor\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u4f20\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06Strong Pointer\u8fd4\u56de\u5230Node\u4e2d\u3002\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684Expression\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
SmartPointer<Node> Parser::Expression()\r\n{\r\n  \/\/ Parse a term\r\n  SmartPointer<Node> pNode = Term ();\r\n  EToken token = _scanner.Token();\r\n  if ( token == tPlus || token == tMinus )\r\n  {\r\n    \/\/ Expr := Term { ('+' | '-') Term }\r\n    SmartPointer<MultiNode> pMultiNode = new SumNode (pNode);\r\n    do\r\n    {\r\n      _scanner.Accept();\r\n      SmartPointer<Node> pRight = Term ();\r\n      pMultiNode->AddChild (pRight, (token == tPlus));\r\n      token = _scanner.Token();\r\n    } while (token == tPlus || token == tMinus);\r\n    pNode = up_cast<Node, MultiNode> (pMultiNode);\r\n  }\r\n  \/\/ otherwise Expr := Term\r\n  return pNode; \/\/ by value!\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cTerm\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4f20\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411Node\u7684Strong Pointer\u5e76\u4e14\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u5b83\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Strong Pointer,pNode\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u51cf\u53f7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2aSmartPointer\u4ee5\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u91ca\u653e\u4e86Node\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u52a0\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u51cf\u53f7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684SumMode\u5e76\u4e14\u7acb\u523b\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\uff09\u5c06\u5b83\u50a8\u5b58\u5230MultiNode\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aStrong Pointer\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cSumNode\u662f\u4eceMultiMode\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800cMulitNode\u662f\u4eceNode\u7ee7\u627f\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u539f\u6765\u7684Node\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u7ed9\u4e86SumNode\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u88ab\u52a0\u53f7\u548c\u51cf\u53f7\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u521b\u5efaterms\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9bterm\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684MultiNode\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6MultiNode\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6307\u5411MultiNode\u7684Strong Pointer\u5411\u4e0a\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6307\u5411Mode\u7684Strong Pointer\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u4ed6\u8fd4\u56de\u8c03\u7528\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9Strong Pointers\u8fdb\u884c\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6307\u9488\u662f\u88ab\u9690\u5f0f\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aMultiNode\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aNode\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684is-a\u5173\u7cfb\u5728SmartPointer<MultiNode>\u548cSmartPointer<Node>\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u7c7b\uff08\u6a21\u677f\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002up-cast\u6a21\u677f\u662f\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
template<class To, class From>\r\ninline SmartPointer<To> up_cast (SmartPointer<From> & from)\r\n{\r\n  return SmartPointer<To> (from.Release ());\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6a21\u677f\uff08member template\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3aSmartPointer<T>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2aclass U\u3002<\/p>\n
template <class T>\r\ntemplate <class U> SmartPointer<T>::SmartPointer (SPrt<U> & uptr)\r\n  : _p (uptr.Release ())\r\n  {}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u82b1\u62db\u662f\u6a21\u677f\u5728U\u4e0d\u662fT\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u529f\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u5728U is-a T\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3auptr\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002Release()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411U\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a_p\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411T\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679cU\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aT\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u523b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
std::auto_ptr<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u540e\u6765\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5728STL\u4e2d\u7684auto_ptr\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7684Strong Pointer\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5dee\u5f02\uff08auto_ptr\u7684Release\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c06\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6e05\u96f6–\u4f60\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u5e93\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u9648\u65e7\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u540e\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.6 Transfer Semantics<\/h3>\n
\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5728C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u5c01\u88c5\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u7c7b\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u7279\u522b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u50a8\u5b58\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u8fdbStrong Pointer\uff08\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684auto_ptr\uff09\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u662f\u4f20\u9012\uff08passing\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aStrong Pointer\u6765\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684Strong Pointer\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a”\u88f8”\u6307\u9488\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u90fd\u7acb\u5373\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
auto_ptr<Item> item = stack.Pop (); \/\/ ok\r\nItem * p = stack.Pop (); \/\/ Error! Type mismatch.<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ee5\u4f20\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709value semantics\u00a0\u6216\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u00a0copy semantics\u3002Strong Pointers\u662f\u4ee5\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u7684–\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u6709copy semantics\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff01\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u80af\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u62f7\u8d1d\u8fc7\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u6e90auto_ptr\u4e0d\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76ee\u6807auto_ptr\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u5f80\u5f80auto_ptr\u7684\u65e7\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u79f0\u4f5cTransfer Semantics\u3002<\/p>\n
\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08copy construcor\uff09\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86auto_ptr\u7684Transfer Semantics\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4e86\u975econst\u7684auto_ptr\u5f15\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
auto_ptr (auto_ptr<T> & ptr);\r\nauto_ptr & operator = (auto_ptr<T> & ptr);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6e90–\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u91cd\u8f7d\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Transfer Semantics\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bb8\u591aWindows\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u52a8\u6001\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u83dc\u5355\u6216\u8005\u4f4d\u56fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709Transfer Semantics\u7684\u7c7b\u6765\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.7 Strong Vectors<\/h3>\n
\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u53ea\u5728auto_ptr\u4e2d\u652f\u6301\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e5f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301ownership semantics\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u5c06auto_ptr\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\u7ec4\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n
vector< auto_ptr<Item> > autoVector;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u5efa\u9020\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u529f\uff1b<\/p>\n
Item * item = autoVector [0];<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eceautoVect\u5230auto_ptr\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n
auto_ptr<Item> item = autoVector [0];<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u6784\u9020\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Strong Vector\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
template <class T>\r\nclass auto_vector\r\n{\r\n  public:\r\n    explicit auto_vector (size_t capacity = 0);\r\n    T const * operator [] (size_t i) const;\r\n    T * operator [] (size_t i);\r\n    void assign (size_t i, auto_ptr<T> & p);\r\n    void assign_direct (size_t i, T * p);\r\n    void push_back (auto_ptr<T> & p);\r\n    auto_ptr<T> pop_back ();\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9vector\u7684\u5de6\u503c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8bbe\u5b9a(set)\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528assign\u6216\u8005assign_direct\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2astrong vector\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8bb8\u591apush_back\u65b9\u6cd5\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n
Strong vector\u6700\u597d\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684Strong Pointers\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
template <class T>\r\nclass auto_vector\r\n{\r\n  private:\r\n    void grow (size_t reqCapacity);\r\n    auto_ptr<T> *_arr;\r\n    size_t _capacity;\r\n    size_t _end;\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
grow\u65b9\u6cd5\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684auto_ptr<T>\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4ece\u8001\u7684\u4e66\u7ec4\u7c7b\u8f6c\u79fb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
auto_vector\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u662f\u5341\u5206\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u5728auto_ptr\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cassign\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u6765\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u6e90\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n
void assign (size_t i, auto_ptr<T> & p)\r\n{\r\n  _arr [i] = p;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86push_back\u548cpop_back\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002push_back\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f20\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aauto_ptr\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4eceauto_vector\u8f6c\u6362\u5230auto_ptr\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9auto_vector\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u501f\u52a9auto_ptr\u7684get\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0cget\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n
T * operator [] (size_t i)\r\n{\r\n  return _arr [i].get ();\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709iterator\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2aiterator\u8ba9auto_vector\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5e9f\u5f03iterator\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u800c\u4e0d\u662fauto_ptr\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4e00\u4e2aauto_vector\u7684iterator\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
template<class T>\r\nclass auto_iterator: public\r\niterator<random_access_iterator_tag, T *>\r\n{\r\n  public:\r\n    auto_iterator () : _pp (0) {}\r\n    auto_iterator (auto_ptr<T> * pp) : _pp (pp) {}\r\n    bool operator != (auto_iterator<T> const & it) const\r\n    { return it._pp != _pp; }\r\n    auto_iterator const & operator++ (int) { return _pp++; }\r\n    auto_iterator operator++ () { return ++_pp; }\r\n    T * operator * () { return _pp->get (); }\r\n  private:\r\n    auto_ptr<T> * _pp;\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9auto_vect\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7684begin\u548cend\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u627e\u56deiterator\uff1a<\/p>\n
class auto_vector\r\n{\r\n  public:\r\n    typedef auto_iterator<T> iterator;\r\n    iterator begin () { return _arr; }\r\n    iterator end () { return _arr + _end; }\r\n}; <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u8981\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff1f\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d;\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662fstrong vector\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2astrong vector\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\uff08weak\uff09pointer\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u4f60\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u4e00\u4e2astrong vector\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684vector\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ecestrong vector\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684weak\u6307\u9488\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2avector\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2d\u4ecbvector\u53eb\u505apermutation vector\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684maps, priority queues, heaps, hash tables\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.8 Code Inspection<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u7167\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u6216\u8005\u4e24\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u9047\u5230\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u539f\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7528delete\u5220\u9664\u7528new\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5fb7\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e24\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u548c\u5bfb\u627e\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684bug\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u8fdd\u53cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u8981\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u591a\u3002\u540e\u8005\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u68c0\u6d4b\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u8005\u5219\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u5f97\u5f88\u6df1\uff0c\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u60f3\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u6bb5\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662fgrep\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684new\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5730\u6307\u9488\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5break\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u80fd\u8d4b\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u4e5f\u8981\u505a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u6bb5\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u7528grep\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709\u7684new\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u25cf\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684Strong Pointer\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u25cf\u00a0\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u77e5\u662f\u5426\u7acb\u5373\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u25cf\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u65f6\u5019\u6709delete?<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7528grep\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684release\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u5355\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u672c\u5730\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u8fd9\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5417\uff1f\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8goto\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u652f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u6000\u7591\u672c\u5730\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u672c\u5730\u5316\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684bug\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u91ca\u653e\u8fc7\u7684strong pointer\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.9 \u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/h3>\n
\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u627e\u51fa\u6216\u8005\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5417\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\uff0c\u662f\uff01\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u88ab\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\uff08client\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u518d\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u62a5\u5171\u4eab\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6700\u540e\u8d1f\u8d23free\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ee7\u627f\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u7c7bRefCounted\uff1a<\/p>\n
class RefCounted\r\n{\r\n  public:\r\n    RefCounted () : _count (1) {}\r\n    int GetRefCount () const { return _count; }\r\n    void IncRefCount () { _count++; }\r\n    int DecRefCount () { return --_count; }\r\n  private:\r\n    int _count;\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6309\u7167\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9075\u5b88\u5b83\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u5b83\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9075\u5faa\u89c4\u5219–\u518d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aRefCounted\u7684smart pointer\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\uff1a<\/p>\n
template <class T>\r\nclass RefPtr\r\n{\r\n  public:\r\n    RefPtr (T * p) : _p (p) {}\r\n    RefPtr (RefPtr<T> & p)\r\n    {\r\n      _p = p._p;\r\n      _p->IncRefCount ();\r\n    }\r\n    ~RefPtr ()\r\n    {\r\n      if (_p->DecRefCount () == 0)\r\n        delete _p;\r\n    }\r\n  private:\r\n    T * _p;\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684T\u4e0d\u6bd4\u6210\u4e3aRefCounted\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u6709IncRefCount\u548cDecRefCount\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684RefPtr\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5728RefPtr\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\uff08transfer semantics\uff09\u662f\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.10 \u6240\u6709\u6743\u7f51\u7edc<\/h3>\n
\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u8868\u6210\u4e3a\u94fe(link)\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u5b9e\u73b0\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2alink\u90fd\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u7528smart pointer\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5355\u5143\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Link\r\n{\r\n  \/\/ ...\r\n  private:\r\n    auto_ptr<Link> _next;\r\n};\r\n\/\/\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u5c01\u88c5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f04\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\u3002\r\n\/\/\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cc\u94fe\u8868\u5462\uff1f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6307\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5982forward:\r\nclass DoubleLink\r\n{\r\n  \/\/ ...\r\n  private:\r\n    DoubleLink *_prev;\r\n    auto_ptr<DoubleLink> _next;\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898–\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u73af\u5f62\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5417\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2amark-and-sweep\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
template<class T>\r\nclass CyclPtr\r\n{\r\n  public:\r\n    CyclPtr (T * p)\r\n      :_p (p), _isBeingDeleted (false)\r\n      {}\r\n    ~CyclPtr ()\r\n    {\r\n      _isBeingDeleted = true;\r\n      if (!_p->IsBeingDeleted ())\r\n        delete _p;\r\n    }\r\n    void Set (T * p)\r\n    {\r\n      _p = p;\r\n    }\r\n    bool IsBeingDeleted () const { return _isBeingDeleted; }\r\n  private:\r\n    T * _p;\r\n    bool _isBeingDeleted;\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7528class T\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5IsBeingDeleted\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4eceCyclPtr\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u5bf9\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u666e\u901a\u5316\u662f\u5341\u5206\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u627e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684bug\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\u670d\u4f60\u548c\u4f60\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u82b1\u8d39\u4e00\u70b9\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u719f\u6089\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5341\u5206\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e2d\u671f\u3002\u8f6c\u6362\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7acb\u5373\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u672c\u7684Strong Pointer\u3002\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684new\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u5c01\u88c5\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u6700\u5148\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6307\u9488\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u4e3aauto_ptr\u5e76\u4e14\u5220\u9664\u76f8\u5e94\u7684delete\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u5728\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u7528auto_ptr\u66ff\u6362\u5e76\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\u8c03\u7528release\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u4f60\u505a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5bf9release\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0”\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b”–\u4f60\u4f1a\u79fb\u51fa\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff083\uff09\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6307\u5411\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u5230auto_ptr\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u5728\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4f20\u9012\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528release\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7528Strong Pointers\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff084\uff09\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5bf9release\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u5e76\u4e14\u5c3d\u529b\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2arelease\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4fee\u6539\u4f20\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aauto_ptr\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff085\uff09\u91cd\u590d\u7740\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u6240\u6709new\u548crelease\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8005\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff086\uff09\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u5e76\u5bb9\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/h1>\n
2.1 C++\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5f15\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2aString\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6781\u957f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u8bbe\u4e3a200\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53c8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u662f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u662f\u5341\u5206\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u800c\u5199\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2aString\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u523b\u610f\u5730\u4f7f\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u597d\u5bf9\u75c7\u4e0b\u836f\u3002\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n
\/* String.h *\/\r\n#ifndef STRING_H_\r\n#define STRING_H_\r\nclass String\r\n{\r\n  private:\r\n    char * str; \/\/\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\r\n    int len; \/\/\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\r\n  public:\r\n    String(const char * s); \/\/\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\r\n    String(); \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\r\n    ~String(); \/\/ \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\r\n    friend ostream & operator\uff1c\uff1c(ostream & os,const String& st);\r\n};\r\n#endif\r\n\r\n\/*String.cpp*\/\r\n#include \uff1ciostream\uff1e\r\n#include \uff1ccstring\uff1e\r\n#include \"String.h\"\r\nusing namespace std;\r\nString::String(const char * s)\r\n{\r\n  len = strlen(s);\r\n  str = new char[len + 1];\r\n  strcpy(str, s);\r\n}\/\/\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\r\nString::String()\r\n{\r\n  len =0;\r\n  str = new char[len+1];\r\n  str[0]='\"0';\r\n}\r\nString::~String()\r\n{\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1c\"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\"\uff1c\uff1cstr\uff1c\uff1c'\"n';\/\/\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7279\u7559\u6b64\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\r\n  delete [] str;\r\n}\r\nostream & operator\uff1c\uff1c(ostream & os, const String & st)\r\n{\r\n  os \uff1c\uff1c st.str;\r\n  return os;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/*test_right.cpp*\/\r\n#include \uff1ciostream\uff1e\r\n#include \uff1cstdlib.h\uff1e\r\n#include \"String.h\"\r\nusing namespace std;\r\nint main()\r\n{\r\n  String temp(\"\u767e\u5ea6\");\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ctemp\uff1c\uff1c'\"n';\r\n  system(\"PAUSE\");\r\n  return 0;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u767e\u5ea6\r\n\u8bf7\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u952e\u7ee7\u7eed. . .<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5341\u5206\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8868\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u8ff7\u60d1\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u7528test_String.cpp\u6587\u4ef6\u66ff\u6362test_right.cpp\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6709\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\uff01<\/p>\n
test_String.cpp:<\/p>\n
#include \uff1ciostream\uff1e\r\n#include \uff1cstdlib.h\uff1e\r\n#include \"String.h\"\r\nusing namespace std;\r\nvoid show_right(const String&);\r\nvoid show_String(const String);\/\/\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u3002\r\nint main()\r\n{\r\n  String test1(\"\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\");\r\n  String test2(\"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\");\r\n  String test3(\"\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\");\r\n  String test4(\"\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\");\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1c\"\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u8f93\u5165\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a\";\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ctest1\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ctest2\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ctest3\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  String* String1=new String(test1);\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1c*String1\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  delete String1;\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ctest1\uff1c\uff1cendl; \/\/\u5728Dev-cpp\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1c\"\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\"\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  show_right(test2);\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ctest2\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1c\"\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\"\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  show_String(test2);\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ctest2\uff1c\uff1cendl; \/\/\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff01\r\n  String String2(test3);\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1c\"String2: \"\uff1c\uff1cString2\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  String String3;\r\n  String3=test4;\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1c\"String3: \"\uff1c\uff1cString3\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1c\"\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\"\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n  return 0;\r\n}\r\nvoid show_right(const String& a)\r\n{\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ca\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n}\r\nvoid show_String(const String a)\r\n{\r\n  cout\uff1c\uff1ca\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u8f93\u5165\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a?=\r\n?=\r\nString2: \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\nString3: \u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a?=\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1ax =\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a?=\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u81ea\u5df1\u8bd5\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u60e8\u4e0d\u5fcd\u7779\u5462\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0cC\uff0b\uff0b\u7c7b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e00\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\uff1a\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u8bb2\u590d\u5236\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u590d\u5236\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5462\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1aString test1(test2);\u8fd9\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u8981\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u8fd9\u513f\u5462\uff1f\u6309\u7406\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1aString(const String &);\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5440\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff0cC\uff0b\uff0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u5c31\u51fa\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u590d\u5236\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5462\uff1f\uff08\u4ee5String\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1aString test1(test2)\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff1b\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e3a\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\uff1avoid show_String(const String)\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u3002\u62ffString\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0cC\uff0b\uff0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u590d\u5236\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
String(const String& a)\r\n{\r\n  str=a.str;\r\n  len=a.len;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e86new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8c08\u8c08\u6d45\u590d\u5236\u548c\u6df1\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u6d45\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u5236\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u7528\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u6253\u4e2a\u6bd4\u65b9\u5427\uff01\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u8ba9\u4f60\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u5927\u5927\u54a7\u54a7\u5730\u628a\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u8c08\u8c08\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5047\u5982\uff0cA\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a\u201cC\uff0b\uff0b\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a2000\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628aA\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u7ed9B\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1aString B=A\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0cA\u548cB\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684str\u6307\u9488\u5747\u6307\u54112000\u5730\u5740\u3002\u770b\u4f3c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679cB\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5730\u57402000\u5904\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cC\uff0b\uff0b\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u62b9\u53bb\uff0c\u800cA\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411\u5730\u57402000\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1acout\uff1c\uff1cA\uff1c\uff1cendl;\u6216\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0cA\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0cA\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u5426\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u53ea\u4f1a\u662f\u4e71\u7801\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u5bf9\u5730\u57402000\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u6b21delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662f\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n
\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
String* String1=new String(test1);\r\ncout\uff1c\uff1c*String1\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\ndelete String1;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5047\u8bbetest1\u4e2dstr\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a2000,\u800cString\u4e2dstr\u6307\u9488\u540c\u6837\u6307\u5411\u5730\u57402000\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5220\u9664\u4e862000\u5904\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800ctest1\u5bf9\u8c61\u5462\uff1f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u4ece\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528cout\uff1c\uff1ctest1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u800c\u5728test1\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u518d\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
cout\uff1c\uff1c\"\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\"\uff1c\uff1cendl;\r\nshow_String(test2);\r\ncout\uff1c\uff1ctest2\uff1c\uff1cendl;\/\/\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff01<\/code><\/pre>\n
show_String\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868void show_String(const String a)\u662f\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1aString a=test2;\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u5468\u671f\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61a\u88ab\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e86\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a?=\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0ctest2\u4e5f\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u624b\u5de5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5236\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u55bd\uff01\u4eba\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u80dc\u5929\uff01<\/p>\n
String::String(const String& a)\r\n{\r\n  len=a.len;\r\n  str=new char(len+1);\r\n  strcpy(str,a.str);\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u6df1\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5bf9\u8c61A\u4e2d\u7684str\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5730\u57402000\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u201cI am a C++ Boy!\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801String B=A\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5f00\u8f9f\u51fa\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a3000\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528strcpy\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5730\u57402000\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u5730\u57403000\u4e2d\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61B\u7684str\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5730\u57403000\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5927\u5bb6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u5165\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5927\u534a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
String String3;\r\nString3=test4;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6211\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5bfb\u6839\u6478\u5e95\uff1a\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1aString3=test4\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0cC\uff0b\uff0b\u4e3a\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\uff1aoperator=\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u731c\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u6d45\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u51fa\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5c55\u795e\u5a01^_^\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u540e\u7684String3\u53d8\u91cf\u5148\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5230test4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a?=\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u6211\u4e0d\u7528\u8d58\u8ff0\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u5b66\u95ee\u5462\uff01\u5927\u5bb6\u8bf7\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1ax=y=z\u3002\uff08\u5747\u4e3a\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\uff09\u800c\u5728\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u8c61A=B=C\u5c31\u662fA.operator=(B.operator=(c))\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2aoperator=\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1aconst String& a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u96be\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e5f\u8981\u662fString&\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0A\uff1dB\uff1dC\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u5199\u5199\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n
String& String::operator=(const String& a)\r\n{\r\n  delete [] str;\/\/\u5148\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6570\u636e\r\n  len=a.len;\r\n  str=new char[len+1];\r\n  strcpy(str,a.str);\/\/\u6b64\u4e09\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\r\n  return *this;\/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f15\u7528\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u5982\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee3\u7801\uff1aA=A\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u628aA\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u8c13\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u53ea\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5b8c\u597d\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
String& String::operator=(const String& a)\r\n{\r\n  if(this==&a)\r\n    return *this;\r\n  delete [] str;\r\n  len=a.len;\r\n  str=new char[len+1];\r\n  strcpy(str,a.str);\r\n  return *this;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u52a0\u5165\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u8f93\u5165\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\r\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\r\n\u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\nString2: \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\nString3: \u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.2 \u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1f<\/h2>\n
\u5199\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5230\u5904\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86new\u00a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u6307\u9488\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u641e\u6655\u4e86\u5934\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u6307\u9488\u5f15\u7528\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5176\u5b9e\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6700\u7ec8\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u968f\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff08allocations\uff09\u4e0e\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\uff08deallocation\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\uff08standard containers\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f60\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709string\u548cvector\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n
#include<vector>\r\n#include<string>\r\n#include<iostream>\r\n#include<algorithm>\r\nusing namespace std;\r\nint main() \/\/ small program messing around with strings\r\n{\r\n\u3000cout << \"enter some whitespace-separated words:\"n\";\r\n\u3000vector<string> v;\r\n\u3000string s;\r\n\u3000while (cin>>s) v.push_back(s);\r\n\u3000sort(v.begin(),v.end());\r\n\u3000string cat;\r\n\u3000typedef vector<string>::const_iterator Iter;\r\n\u3000for (Iter p = v.begin(); p!=v.end(); ++p) cat += *p+\"+\";\r\n\u3000cout << cat << \u2019\"n\u2019;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f\u4f60\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5b8f\uff0c\u9020\u578b\uff0c\u6ea2\u51fa\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u9488\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08standard algorithm\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b50\uff08iterator\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u4e48\u5c0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u70b9\u5c0f\u9898\u5927\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002\u65e9\u57281981\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ece\u51e0\u4e07\u4e2a\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u51e0\u6253\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u884c\u800c\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4ece\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u82e6\u5de5\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5e94\u4ed8\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5c06\u663e\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8981\u8ba9\u4f60\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u53e5\u67c4\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u3002\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\/\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u9690\u85cf\u5230\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u53e5\u67c4\uff08resource handle\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u964d\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6211\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u8981\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8c01\u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u53e5\u67c4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684auto_ptr\uff0c\u4f7f\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53d8\u5f97\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
#include<memory>\r\n#include<iostream>\r\nusing namespace std;\r\nstruct S {\r\n\u3000S() { cout << \"make an S\"n\"; }\r\n\u3000~S() { cout << \"destroy an S\"n\"; }\r\n\u3000S(const S&) { cout << \"copy initialize an S\"n\"; }\r\n\u3000S& operator=(const S&) { cout << \"copy assign an S\"n\"; }\r\n};\r\nS* f()\r\n{\r\n\u3000return new S; \/\/ \u8c01\u8be5\u8d1f\u8d23\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e2aS\uff1f\r\n};\r\nauto_ptr<S> g()\r\n{\r\n\u3000return auto_ptr<S>(new S); \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u8d1f\u8d23\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e2aS\r\n}\r\nint main()\r\n{\r\n\u3000cout << \"start main\"n\";\r\n\u3000S* p = f();\r\n\u3000cout << \"after f() before g()\"n\";\r\n\u3000\/\/ S* q = g(); \/\/ \u5c06\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6355\u6349\r\n\u3000auto_ptr<S> q = g();\r\n\u3000cout << \"exit main\"n\";\r\n\u3000\/\/ *p\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\r\n\u3000\/\/ *q\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8003\u8651\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u7c7b\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u662fNeanderthals\uff0c\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\uff0c\u65e7\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u733f\u4eba\uff09\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ce8\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u68c0\u6d4b\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5783\u573e\u6536\u96c6\u5668\uff08garbage collector\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
2.3\u6d45\u8c08C\/C++\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u53ca\u5176\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177<\/h2>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2ac\/c++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u5934\u75bc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6280\u672f\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u6765\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Smart Pointer\uff0cGarbage Collection\u7b49\u3002Smart Pointer\u6280\u672f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\uff0cSTL\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u652f\u6301Smart Pointer\u7684class\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1bGarbage Collection\u6280\u672f\u5728Java\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728c\/c++\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u4e0d\u987a\u7545\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u601d\u8003\u5728C++\u4e2d\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165GC\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2ac\/c++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u4f60\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u75db\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u597d\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
2.3.1 \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u6307\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6307\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u793a\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528malloc\uff0crealloc\uff0cnew\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u8d1f\u8d23\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u7528free\u6216delete\u91ca\u653e\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8bf4\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e86\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a<\/p>\n
void MyFunction(int nSize)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char* p= new char[nSize];\r\n\u3000if( !GetStringFrom( p, nSize ) ){\r\n\u3000\u3000MessageBox(\u201cError\u201d);\r\n\u3000\u3000return;\r\n\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u2026\/\/using the string pointed by p;\r\n\u3000delete p;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u51fd\u6570GetStringFrom()\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6307\u9488p\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5165\u53e3\u5904\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u51fa\u53e3\u5904\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u662fc\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u51fa\u53e3\u5904\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e\u5e94\u8be5\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f(resource leak)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6838\u5fc3\u6001HANDLE\uff0cGDI Object\uff0cSOCKET\uff0c\u00a0Interface\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u6d88\u8017\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u6001\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e25\u91cd\u6cc4\u6f0f\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6bd4\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n
GDI Object\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
void CMyView::OnPaint( CDC* pDC )\r\n{\r\n\u3000CBitmap bmp;\r\n\u3000CBitmap* pOldBmp;\r\n\u3000bmp.LoadBitmap(IDB_MYBMP);\r\n\u3000pOldBmp = pDC->SelectObject( &bmp );\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n\u3000if( Something() ){\r\n\u3000\u3000return;\r\n\u3000}\r\n\u3000pDC->SelectObject( pOldBmp );\r\n\u3000return;\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u51fd\u6570Something()\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u628apOldBmp\u9009\u56depDC\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4pOldBmp\u6307\u5411\u7684HBITMAP\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u679c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u82b1\u5c4f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u5728Win9x\u4e0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aWin9x\u7684GDI\u5806\u6bd4Win2k\u6216NT\u7684\u8981\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n
2.3.2 \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a4\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
1.\u00a0\u5e38\u53d1\u6027\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u5230\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff0c\u5982\u679cSomething()\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd4\u56deTrue\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48pOldBmp\u6307\u5411\u7684HBITMAP\u5bf9\u8c61\u603b\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u00a0\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0b\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff0c\u5982\u679cSomething()\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u624d\u8fd4\u56deTrue\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48pOldBmp\u6307\u5411\u7684HBITMAP\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u5e38\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5e38\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u00a0\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u603b\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u4ec5\u4e14\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aSingleton\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
char* g_lpszFileName = NULL;\r\nvoid SetFileName( const char* lpcszFileName )\r\n{\r\n\u3000if( g_lpszFileName ){\r\n\u3000\u3000free( g_lpszFileName );\r\n\u3000}\r\n\u3000g_lpszFileName = strdup( lpcszFileName );\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653eg_lpszFileName\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528SetFileName()\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
4.\u00a0\u9690\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f4\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bf4\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u51e0\u5468\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6700\u7ec8\u8017\u5c3d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e3a\u9690\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Connection\r\n{\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000Connection( SOCKET s);\r\n\u3000\u3000~Connection();\r\n\u3000\u3000\u2026\r\n\u3000private:\r\n\u3000\u3000SOCKET _socket;\r\n\u3000\u3000\u2026\r\n};\r\nclass ConnectionManager\r\n{\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000ConnectionManager(){}\r\n\u3000\u3000~ConnectionManager(){\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000list::iterator it;\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000for( it = _connlist.begin(); it != _connlist.end(); ++it ){\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000delete \uff08*it\uff09;\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000_connlist.clear();\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u3000void OnClientConnected( SOCKET s ){\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000Connection* p = new Connection(s);\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000_connlist.push_back(p);\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u3000void OnClientDisconnected( Connection* pconn ){\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000_connlist.remove( pconn );\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000delete pconn;\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\u3000private:\r\n\u3000\u3000list _connlist;\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u5728Client\u4eceServer\u7aef\u65ad\u5f00\u540e\uff0cServer\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u547c\u53ebOnClientDisconnected()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee3\u8868\u90a3\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u7684Connection\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u5220\u9664\uff08\u5728Server\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6240\u6709Connection\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u5728ConnectionManager\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u65ad\u5f00\u65f6\u9690\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5806\u79ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u6d88\u8017\u5c3d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5806\u79ef\uff0c\u800c\u9690\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u5219\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e8e\u5e38\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5b83\u66f4\u96be\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n
2.3.3 \u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/h3>\n
\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u80fd\u622a\u83b7\u4f4f\u5bf9\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u622a\u83b7\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u7684\u6307\u9488\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684list\u4e2d\uff1b\u6bcf\u5f53\u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4ecelist\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0clist\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1Steve Maguire\u7684<<Writing Solid Code>>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u68c0\u6d4b\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u622a\u83b7\u4f4fmalloc\/realloc\/free\u548cnew\/delete\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff08\u5176\u5b9enew\/delete\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u662f\u7528malloc\/free\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u622a\u83b7\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u7ec4\u5373\u53ef\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u622a\u83b7\u4f4f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u68c0\u6d4bBSTR\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u622a\u83b7SysAllocString\/SysFreeString\uff1b\u8981\u68c0\u6d4bHMENU\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u622a\u83b7CreateMenu\/ DestroyMenu\u3002\uff08\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cSysAllocStringLen\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5206\u914dBSTR\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u622a\u83b7\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u914d\u51fd\u6570\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5728Windows\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff0cMS C-Runtime Library\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u5916\u6302\u5f0f\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\uff0cPurify\uff0cBoundsChecker\u7b49\uff1b\u5229\u7528Windows NT\u81ea\u5e26\u7684Performance Monitor\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0cMS C-Runtime Library\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u8f83\u4e4b\u5916\u6302\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8981\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\uff1bPerformance Monitor\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6807\u793a\u51fa\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u9690\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u7c7b\u5de5\u5177\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/p>\n
2.3.3.1 VC\u4e0b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
\u7528MFC\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728DEBUG\u7248\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u5728Debug\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u884c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u88ab\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n
E:”TestMemLeak”TestDlg.cpp(70) : {59} normal block at 0x00881710, 200 bytes long.<\/p>\n
Data: <abcdefghijklmnop> 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7531TestDlg.cpp\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c70\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u57280x00881710\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a200\u5b57\u8282\uff0c{59}\u662f\u6307\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u51fd\u6570\u7684Request Order\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1MSDN\u4e2d_CrtSetBreakAlloc()\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u524d16\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c16\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u662f\u4ee5ASCII\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u7684\u662f\u4ee516\u8fdb\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7531MFC\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\u3002MFC\u53ea\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u5229\u7528\u4e86MS C-Runtime Library\u7684Debug Function\u3002\u975eMFC\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528MS C-Runtime Library\u7684Debug Function\u52a0\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u529f\u80fd\u3002MS C-Runtime Library\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0malloc\/free\uff0cstrdup\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5185\u5efa\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u7531MFC Application Wizard\u751f\u6210\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2acpp\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6bb5\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
#ifdef _DEBUG\r\n#define new DEBUG_NEW\r\n#undef THIS_FILE\r\nstatic char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;\r\n#endif<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1DEBUG\u7248\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2acpp\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709new\u90fd\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6210DEBUG_NEW\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48DEBUG_NEW\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1fDEBUG_NEW\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6458\u81eaafx.h\uff0c1632\u884c<\/p>\n
#define DEBUG_NEW new(THIS_FILE, __LINE__)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
char* p = new char[200];<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b8f\u66ff\u6362\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
char* p = new( THIS_FILE, __LINE__)char[200];<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6839\u636eC++\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684new\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u53bb\u627e\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684operator new\uff1a<\/p>\n
void* operator new(size_t, LPCSTR, int)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728afxmem.cpp 63\u884c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684operator new\u00a0\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n
void* AFX_CDECL operator new(size_t nSize, LPCSTR lpszFileName, int nLine)\r\n{\r\n\u3000return ::operator new(nSize, _NORMAL_BLOCK, lpszFileName, nLine);\r\n}\r\nvoid* __cdecl operator new(size_t nSize, int nType, LPCSTR lpszFileName, int nLine)\r\n{\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n\u3000pResult = _malloc_dbg(nSize, nType, lpszFileName, nLine);\r\n\u3000if (pResult != NULL)\r\n\u3000\u3000return pResult;\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2aoperator new\u51fd\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u6458\u5f55\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u8fd8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7_malloc_dbg\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5c5e\u4e8eMS C-Runtime Library\u00a0\u7684Debug Function\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u6c42\u4f20\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6b64\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u662f\u7531\u54ea\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u5230Debug\u7a97\u53e3\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0bTHIS_FILE\uff0c__FILE\u548c__LINE__\u3002__FILE__\u548c__LINE__\u90fd\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b8f\u3002\u5f53\u78b0\u5230__FILE__\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u628a__FILE__\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u3002\u5f53\u78b0\u5230__LINE__\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u628a__LINE__\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u884c\u53f7\u3002\u5728DEBUG_NEW\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528__FILE__\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4e86THIS_FILE\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c0f\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u67d0\u4e2acpp\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709100\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86new\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528__FILE__\uff0c\u90a3\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f100\u4e2a\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9100\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u662f\u98e7?\/SPAN>cpp\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u540d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5341\u5206\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528THIS_FILE\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ea\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u90a3100\u5904new\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u5411\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n
\u518d\u6b21\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u7531MFC Application Wizard\u751f\u6210\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728cpp\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ea\u5bf9new\u505a\u4e86\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528malloc\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8c03\u7528malloc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0cMS C-Runtime Library\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u914d\u5b83\u7684\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u5728\u975eMFC\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5904\u52a0\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
int tmpFlag = _CrtSetDbgFlag( _CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG );\r\ntmpFlag |= _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF;\r\n_CrtSetDbgFlag( tmpFlag );<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fwinmain\uff0cmain\u6216dllmain\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u5230Debug\u7a97\u53e3\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8bd5\u7740\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975eMFC\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5904\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6545\u610f\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u5728Debug\u7a97\u53e3\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n
{47} normal block at 0x00C91C90, 200 bytes long.\r\nData: < > 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u786e\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u548c\u4e0a\u9762MFC\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u77e5\u9053\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3cMFC\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u628anew\uff0cmaolloc\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u6620\u5c04\u5230_malloc_dbg\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003MFC\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8eDebug Function\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728MS C-RuntimeLibrary\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u9650\u4e8emalloc\uff0crealloc\u6216strdup\u7b49\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982HANDLE\uff0cGDI Object\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7C-Runtime Library\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982VARIANT\uff0cBSTR\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u4fee\u6539\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u7701\u5fc3\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6cd5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cMS C-Runtime Library\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u770b\u770b\u5916\u6302\u5f0f\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6211\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u662fBoundsChecker\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5de5\u5177\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5fd9\u91cc\u6dfb\u4e71\u3002\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u9f0e\u9f0e\u5927\u540d\u7684NuMega\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u4e0b\u6765\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
2.3.3.2\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528BoundsChecker\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/h4>\n
BoundsChecker\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u00a0Code Injection\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6765\u622a\u83b7\u5bf9\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0cBoundsChecker\u7684DLL\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u8f7d\u5165\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7system-level\u7684Hook\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u7528\u9996\u5148\u8f6c\u5165\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002BoundsChecker\u5728\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u6539\u88ab\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7b80\u4fbf\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5malloc\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u622a\u83b7\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u622a\u83b7\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u5728DLL\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9759\u6001\u8fde\u7ed3C-Runtime Library\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48malloc\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fde\u7ed3\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u622a\u83b7\u4f4f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff0cBoundsChecker\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6bb5\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709BoundsChecker\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6bb5\u5219\u6709BoundsChecker\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n
126: _CRTIMP void * __cdecl malloc (\r\n127: size_t nSize\r\n128: )\r\n129: {\r\n00403C10 push ebp\r\n00403C11 mov ebp,esp\r\n130: return _nh_malloc_dbg(nSize, _newmode, _NORMAL_BLOCK, NULL, 0);\r\n00403C13 push 0\r\n00403C15 push 0\r\n00403C17 push 1\r\n00403C19 mov eax,[__newmode (0042376c)]\r\n00403C1E push eax\r\n00403C1F mov ecx,dword ptr [nSize]\r\n00403C22 push ecx\r\n00403C23 call _nh_malloc_dbg (00403c80)\r\n00403C28 add esp,14h\r\n131: }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u6709BoundsChecker\u4ecb\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n
126: _CRTIMP void * __cdecl malloc (\r\n127: size_t nSize\r\n128: )\r\n129: {\r\n00403C10 jmp 01F41EC8\r\n00403C15 push 0\r\n00403C17 push 1\r\n00403C19 mov eax,[__newmode (0042376c)]\r\n00403C1E push eax\r\n00403C1F mov ecx,dword ptr [nSize]\r\n00403C22 push ecx\r\n00403C23 call _nh_malloc_dbg (00403c80)\r\n00403C28 add esp,14h\r\n131: }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53BoundsChecker\u4ecb\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u51fd\u6570malloc\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u6761\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u6761jmp\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u88ab\u642c\u5230\u5730\u574001F41EC8\u5904\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u5165malloc\u540e\u5148jmp\u523001F41EC8\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u662fBoundsChecker\u7684\u5929\u4e0b\u4e86\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u5b83\u4f1a\u5148\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff08\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u5728stack\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4fee\u6539\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u6307\u5411\u5c5e\u4e8eBoundsChecker\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u8df3\u5230malloc\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u572800403c15\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5f53malloc\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5230BoundsChecker\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6BoundsChecker\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7531malloc\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\/\u91ca\u653e\u51fd\u6570\u5728DLL\u4e2d\uff0cBoundsChecker\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u622a\u83b7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002BoundsChecker\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684DLL Import Table\u8ba9table\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740\u6307\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u622a\u83b7\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u622a\u83b7\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u51fd\u6570\uff0cBoundsChecker\u5c31\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5f53BoundsChecker\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u62a5\u544a\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u662f\u54ea\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u914d\u7684\u3002\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\uff08Debug Information\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e00\u4e2aDebug\u7248\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u628a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc(.pdb)\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u7ed3\u8fdb\u76ee\u6807\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5206\u914d\u67d0\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Code Injection\u548cDebug Information\uff0c\u4f7fBoundsChecker\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u547c\u53eb\u5206\u914d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u914d\u65f6\u7684Call Stack\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caCall Stack\u4e0a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u50cfMFC\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7c7b\u5e93\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
void ShowXItemMenu()\r\n{\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n\u3000CMenu menu;\r\n\u3000menu.CreatePopupMenu();\r\n\u3000\/\/add menu items.\r\n\u3000menu.TrackPropupMenu();\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n}\r\nvoid ShowYItemMenu( )\r\n{\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n\u3000CMenu menu;\r\n\u3000menu.CreatePopupMenu();\r\n\u3000\/\/add menu items.\r\n\u3000menu.TrackPropupMenu();\r\n\u3000menu.Detach();\/\/this will cause HMENU leak\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n}\r\nBOOL CMenu::CreatePopupMenu()\r\n{\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n\u3000hMenu = CreatePopupMenu();\r\n\u3000\u2026\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u8c03\u7528ShowYItemMenu()\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6545\u610f\u9020\u6210HMENU\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eBoundsChecker\u6765\u8bf4\u88ab\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684HMENU\u662f\u5728class CMenu::CreatePopupMenu()\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86CMenu\u7684CreatePopupMenu()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982CMenu::CreatePopupMenu()\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4f9d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u7ed3\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u5728ShowXItemMenu()\u4e2d\u8fd8\u662f\u5728ShowYItemMenu()\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86CreatePopupMenu()\uff1f\u6709\u4e86Call Stack\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002BoundsChecker\u4f1a\u5982\u4e0b\u62a5\u544a\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684HMENU\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n
Function\r\nFile\r\nLine\r\nCMenu::CreatePopupMenu\r\nE:\"8168\"vc98\"mfc\"mfc\"include\"afxwin1.inl\r\n1009\r\nShowYItemMenu\r\nE:\"testmemleak\"mytest.cpp\r\n100<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n
\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u662fShowYItemMenu()\u3002\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528MFC\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u5e93\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684API\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u7c7b\u5e93\u7684class\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e86Call Stack\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u53d1\u751f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb0\u5f55Call Stack\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bBoundsChecker\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55Call Stack\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u6253\u5f00\u8bb0\u5f55Call Stack\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5f00\u5173\uff1a<\/p>\n
1.\u00a0\u6253\u5f00\u83dc\u5355\uff1aBoundsChecker|Setting\u2026<\/p>\n
2.\u00a0\u5728Error Detection\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728Error Detection Scheme\u7684List\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9Custom<\/p>\n
3.\u00a0\u5728Category\u7684Combox\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u00a0Pointer and leak error check<\/p>\n
4.\u00a0\u94a9\u4e0aReport Call Stack\u590d\u9009\u6846<\/p>\n
5.\u00a0\u70b9\u51fbOk<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u4e8eCode Injection\uff0cBoundsChecker\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86API Parameter\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u529f\u80fd\uff0cmemory over run\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u8be6\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1BoundsChecker\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u9690\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4ecd\u7136\u663e\u5f97\u82cd\u767d\u65e0\u529b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u7528Performance Monitor\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
2.3.3.3\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528Performance Monitor\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/h4>\n
NT\u7684\u5185\u6838\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u89c6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982CPU\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u5ea6\u7b49\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2aCounter\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9bCounter\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u51b5\u3002Performance Monitor\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u89c6Process\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684Handle Count\uff0cVirutal Bytes\u00a0\u548cWorking Set\u4e09\u4e2aCounter\u3002Handle Count\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u524d\u6253\u5f00\u7684HANDLE\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u76d1\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2aCounter\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6709Handle\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1bVirtual Bytes\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u865a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0cNT\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u6b65\u8d70\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u865a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u914d\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cVirtual Bytes\u4e00\u822c\u603b\u5927\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684Working Set\u3002\u76d1\u89c6Virutal Bytes\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u95ee\u9898; Working Set\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u603b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u603b\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662fVirtual Bytes\u5374\u662f\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e9bCounter\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u9690\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bCounter\u7684\u503c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528Performance Monitor\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528BoundsChecker\u6765\u627e\u5230\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53Performance Monitor\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u800cBoundsChecker\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f60\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528Performance Monitor\u548c\u4f7f\u7528BoundsChecker\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9690\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f60\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76Performance Monitor\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684Counter\u7684\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u56fe\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u731c\u60f3\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u7d2f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7edd\u597d\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u63a2\u8ba8C++\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536<\/h1>\n
3.1 C++\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u5927\u4f1a\u6218<\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9ad8\u624b\uff0c\u5374\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u5439\u725b\u3002\u7528C\u6216C++\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u6613\u53d1\u89c9\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u60ac\u6302\u6307\u9488\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u60f3\u4ece\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6C++\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0cC++\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u533a\u57df\uff1a\u5806\u3001\u6808\u548c\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u79f0\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u53ca\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u4e86\uff1f\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u5404\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f18\u52a3\u4e86\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7981\u6b62\u521b\u5efa\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fbf\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
3.1.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n
\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b\u6808\u3002\u6808\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0b\u9762\u8bed\u53e5\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n
Type stack_object ;<\/code><\/pre>\n
stack_object\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u547d\u671f\u662f\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
Type fun(Type object);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u81f3\u5c11\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61object_copy1\u00a0\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u662fobject\uff0c\u800c\u662fobject_copy1\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\uff0cobject_copy1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f18\u5316\uff08NRV\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61object_copy2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
Type tt ,result ; \/\/\u751f\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\r\ntt = fun(tt); \/\/\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61object_copy2<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u51fd\u6570fun\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61object_copy2\u00a0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8c03\u7528\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n
tt = object_copy2 ; \/\/\u8c03\u7528\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6beb\u65e0\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u660e\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5927\u201d\u5bf9\u8c61\u6700\u597d\u7528const\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u4ee3\u66ff\u6309\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5806\u3002\u5806\uff0c\u53c8\u53eb\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u90fd\u8981\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5374\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7f6e\u4e3aNULL\uff0c\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u60ac\u6302\u6307\u9488\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u6307\u9488\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cC++\u4e2d\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5206\u914d\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff1f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7528new\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7528\u7c7bmalloc\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97C\u5f0f\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f7f\u7528new\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n
\u518d\u6765\u770b\u770b\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u5728main()\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5c31\u5206\u914d\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728main()\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u7684_main()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c_main()\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6240\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7684\u6784\u9020\u53ca\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5728main()\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u7684exit\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
void main\uff08void\uff09\r\n{\r\n\u3000\u2026\u00a0\u2026\/\/\u00a0\u663e\u5f0f\u4ee3\u7801\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
void main\uff08void\uff09\r\n{\r\n\u3000_main\uff08\uff09; \/\/\u9690\u5f0f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6240\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\r\n\u3000\u2026 \u2026 \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u4ee3\u7801\r\n\u3000\u2026 \u2026\r\n\u3000exit\uff08\uff09 ; \/\/ \u9690\u5f0f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5728main()\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u5199\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728main()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u663e\u5f0f\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u9884\u671f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u00a0\u521a\u624d\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\uff1f\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u9762\u591a\u4e86\u4e2astatic\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u671f\u662f\u4ece\u5176\u6240\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8be5\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8be5\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u9500\u6bc1\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3aclass\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u7275\u6d89\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662fclass\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u671f\uff0cclass\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\u968f\u7740\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aclass object\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aclass\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be5class object\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8be5class\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u591a\u4e2aclass object\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9bobject\u90fd\u5171\u4eab\u90a3\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Base\r\n{\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000static Type s_object ;\r\n}\r\nclass Derived1 : public Base \/ \/ \u516c\u5171\u7ee7\u627f\r\n{\r\n\u3000\u2026 \u2026\/\/ other data\r\n}\r\nclass Derived2 : public Base \/ \/ \u516c\u5171\u7ee7\u627f\r\n{\r\n\u3000\u2026 \u2026\/\/ other data\r\n}\r\nBase example ;\r\nDerivde1 example1 ;\r\nDerivde2 example2 ;\r\nexample.s_object = \u2026\u2026 ;\r\nexample1.s_object = \u2026\u2026 ;\r\nexample2.s_object = \u2026\u2026 ; <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0a\u9762\u6807\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4f53\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684s_object\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5417\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u662f\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u50cf\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u6bb5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6211\u8981\u505a\u7684\u662f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\uff1f\u00a0\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5982Derived1\uff0c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5982Base\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2aDerived1\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aBase\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2asubobject\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aDerived1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u60f3\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2aDerived1\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7\u975e\u5f15\u7528Base\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5207\u5272\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u76f8\u4fe1\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d6\u51fa\u4e86Derived1\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684subobject\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6240\u6709Derived1\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2asubobject\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2asubobject\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u6709\u7ee7\u627fBase\u7c7b\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aBase\u578b\u7684subobject\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u80fd\u7528Base\u578b\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2aDerived1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u6001\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684subobject\u548c\u6240\u6709Base\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2as_object\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4eceBase\u7c7b\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u4f1a\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2as_object\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684example\u3001example1\u3001example2\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e03\u5c40\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
3.1.2 \u4e09\u79cd\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h3>\n
\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u64cd\u5fc3\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u901f\u5ea6\u4e00\u822c\u8f83\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5206\u914d\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528operator new\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0coperator new\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f88\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u6808\u9876\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bb9\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f1MB\uff5e2MB\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u3002\u7279\u522b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u968f\u7740\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u9700\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u591f\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u770b\u770bstatic\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5171\u4eab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9bclass\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u8fd9\u4e9bclass objects\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u6216\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528static\u5bf9\u8c61\u66ff\u4ee3nonstatic\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5373\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6bcf\u6b21\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u91ca\u653enonstatic\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u800c\u4e14static\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4e3a\u5404\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u5c42\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
3.1.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u5916\u6536\u83b7<\/h3>\n
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3.1.4 \u7981\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4f60\u51b3\u5b9a\u7981\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5c01\u88c5\u7c7b\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u600e\u6837\u7981\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528new\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528new\u4e0d\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u4e48\u3002\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0cnew\u64cd\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528operator new\uff0c\u800coperator new\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7fnew operator\u00a0\u4e3aprivate\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5c06operator delete\u4e5f\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e3aprivate\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53c8\u6709\u7591\u95ee\u4e86,\u96be\u9053\u521b\u5efa\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528new\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u6574\u5806\u6808\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u538b\u6808\uff0c\u800coperator new\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u641c\u7d22\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e3a\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u597d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
#include <stdlib.h> \/\/\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230C\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u51fd\u6570\r\nclass Resource ; \/\/\u4ee3\u8868\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\r\nclass NoHashObject\r\n{\r\n\u3000private:\r\n\u3000\u3000Resource* ptr ;\/\/\u6307\u5411\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\r\n\u3000\u3000... ... \/\/\u5176\u5b83\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\r\n\u3000\u3000void* operator new(size_t size) \/\/\u975e\u4e25\u683c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f5c\u793a\u610f\u4e4b\u7528\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000return malloc(size) ;\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u3000void operator delete(void* pp) \/\/\u975e\u4e25\u683c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f5c\u793a\u610f\u4e4b\u7528\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000free(pp) ;\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000NoHashObject()\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\/\/\u6b64\u5904\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9ptr\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000ptr = new Resource() ;\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u3000~NoHashObject()\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000delete ptr ; \/\/\u91ca\u653e\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n}; \r\n\/\/NoHashObject\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7981\u6b62\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5199\u4e0b\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\r\nNoHashObject* fp = new NoHashObject() ; \/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u9519\u8bef\uff01\r\ndelete fp ;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7981\u6b62\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u5728\u7c7bNoHashObject\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u6cd5\u201d\u3002C++\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5730\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5f3a\u5927\u5230\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u505a\u4f60\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6280\u5de7\u662f\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
void main(void)\r\n{\r\n\u3000char* temp = new char[sizeof(NoHashObject)] ;\r\n\u3000\/\/\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u73b0\u5728ptr\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411NoHashObject\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\r\n\u3000NoHashObject* obj_ptr = (NoHashObject*)temp ;\r\n\u3000temp = NULL ; \/\/\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u8fc7temp\u6307\u9488\u4fee\u6539NoHashObject\u5bf9\u8c61\r\n\u3000\/\/\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u8ba9rp\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5806\u4e2dNoHashObject\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684ptr\u6210\u5458\r\n\u3000Resource* rp = (Resource*)obj_ptr ;\r\n\u3000\/\/\u521d\u59cb\u5316obj_ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684NoHashObject\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684ptr\u6210\u5458\r\n\u3000rp = new Resource() ;\r\n\u3000\/\/\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528obj_ptr\u6307\u9488\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u4e2d\u7684NoHashObject\u5bf9\u8c61\u6210\u5458\u4e86\r\n\u3000... ...\r\n\u3000delete rp ;\/\/\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\r\n\u3000temp = (char*)obj_ptr ;\r\n\u3000obj_ptr = NULL ;\/\/\u9632\u6b62\u60ac\u6302\u6307\u9488\u4ea7\u751f\r\n\u3000delete [] temp ;\/\/\u91ca\u653eNoHashObject\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5360\u7684\u5806\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\r\n} <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u8def\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3C++\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u6709\u597d\u5904\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u67d0\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u578b\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6234\u4e0a\u7684\u773c\u955c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6234\u4e0a\u4e00\u79cd\u773c\u955c\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u8c13\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6362\u4e0a\u53e6\u4e00\u526f\u773c\u955c\u540e\u518d\u6765\u770b\u540c\u6837\u7684\u90a3\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u5b89\u6392\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c06NoHashObject\u7684ptr\u6307\u9488\u6210\u5458\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u59344\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u52a8\u4f5c\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
Resource* rp = (Resource*)obj_ptr ;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/p>\n
3.1.5 \u7981\u6b62\u4ea7\u751f\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n
\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6808\u9876\u6307\u9488\u4ee5\u201c\u632a\u51fa\u201d\u9002\u5f53\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8c03\u6574\u6808\u9876\u6307\u9488\u6536\u56de\u90a3\u5757\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981operator new\/delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06operator new\/delete\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aprivate\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5df2\u7ecf\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\uff1a\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\/\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u786e\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4e5f\u6253\u7b97\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6e05\u695a,\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528new\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea7\u751f\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3anew\u5728\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u554a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u53ea\u5c06\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aprivate\u3002\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5c06\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u4e3aprivate\u9664\u4e86\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u6210\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u5f71\u54cd\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u4e3aprivate\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u4e3aprotected\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e24\u5168\u5176\u7f8e\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
class NoStackObject\r\n{\r\n\u3000protected:\r\n\u3000\u3000~NoStackObject() { }\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000void destroy()\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000delete this ;\/\/\u8c03\u7528\u4fdd\u62a4\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n}; <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528NoStackObject\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
NoStackObject* hash_ptr = new NoStackObject() ;\r\n... ... \/\/\u5bf9hash_ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\r\nhash_ptr->destroy() ;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5475\u5475\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u70b9\u602a\u602a\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528new\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u7528delete\u53bb\u5220\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u7528destroy\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e0d\u4e60\u60ef\u8fd9\u79cd\u602a\u5f02\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u8bbe\u4e3aprivate\u6216protected\u3002\u8fd9\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u907f\u514d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u7528new\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2astatic\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\uff08\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684singleton\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\uff09\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n
class NoStackObject\r\n{\r\n\u3000protected:\r\n\u3000\u3000NoStackObject() { }\r\n\u3000\u3000~NoStackObject() { }\r\n\u3000public:\r\n\u3000\u3000static NoStackObject* creatInstance()\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000return new NoStackObject() ;\/\/\u8c03\u7528\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n\u3000\u3000void destroy()\r\n\u3000\u3000{\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000delete this ;\/\/\u8c03\u7528\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\r\n\u3000\u3000}\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528NoStackObject\u7c7b\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
NoStackObject* hash_ptr = NoStackObject::creatInstance() ;\r\n... ... \/\/\u5bf9hash_ptr\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\r\nhash_ptr->destroy() ;\r\nhash_ptr = NULL ; \/\/\u9632\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u60ac\u6302\u6307\u9488<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u81f4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
3.2 \u6d45\u8baeC++ \u4e2d\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
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\u5176\u5b9e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u4e0d\u6162\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5806\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u5806\u9876\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\uff1b\u800c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u4e86\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u589e\u91cf\u6536\u96c6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6253\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u6709\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6536\u96c6\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u66f4\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u626b\u63cf\u00a0bss\u00a0\u6bb5, data\u00a0\u6bb5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u7684\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u9488\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u628a\u5f15\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9012\u5f52\u626b\u63cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
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 <\/p>\n
\u6458\u81ea\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
C++\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
\u7ec6\u8bf4new\u4e0emalloc\u768410\u70b9\u533a\u522b<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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