{"id":171,"date":"2014-03-13T16:00:42","date_gmt":"2014-03-13T08:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yanjingang.com\/blog\/?p=171"},"modified":"2016-03-16T19:46:29","modified_gmt":"2016-03-16T11:46:29","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%98%e5%82%a8%e5%af%86%e7%a0%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yanjingang.com\/blog\/?p=171","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u3000\u3000\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u906d\u9047\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6cc4\u9732\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u9876\u7ea7\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f01\u4e1a\u2013NASDQ\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u5546\u52a1\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edcLinkedin\u3002<\/div>\n

\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4e60\u60ef\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u201c\u66b4\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u906d\u6b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848<\/a>\u65f6\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u6389\u5165\u54ea\u4e9b\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9677\u9631\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u5f97\u4f53\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\"21\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u83dc\u9e1f\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u660e\u6587\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u6211\u5728\u67d0\u77e5\u540d\u7f51\u7ad9\u91cd\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5c45\u7136\u76f4\u63a5\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6211\u548c\u5ba2\u670d\u54a8\u8be2\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5ba2\u670d\u7b54\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u51cf\u5c11\u7528\u6237\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u66f4\u597d\u201d\uff1b\u518d\u95ee\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u77e5\u6211\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u201d\uff0c \u5ba2\u670d\u632f\u632f\u6709\u8bcd\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7528XXX\u7b97\u6cd5\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201d\u3002 \u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u5bc6\u83b7\u5f97\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e00\u65e6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5927\u767d\u4e8e\u5929\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u540e\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6700\u597d\u90fd\u7ed5\u9053\u800c\u8d70\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u201c\u66b4\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u906d\u6b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5165\u95e8\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"22\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5c06\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\u505a\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u540e\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u540e\u7684\u6458\u8981(digest)\u6062\u590d\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u5355\u5411\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecSHA-256\uff0cSHA-1\uff0cMD5\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801\u201cpasswordhunter\u201d\u8fdb\u884cSHA-256\u54c8\u5e0c\u540e\u7684\u6458\u8981(digest)\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u201cbbed833d2c7805c4bf039b140bec7e7452125a04efa9e0b296395a9b95c2d44c<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u5355\u5411\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u6709\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u4e32\u6570\u5b57\u552c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u53ef\u9760\uff0c \u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\uff09\u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u603b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6458\u8981<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u663e\u5361\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4e00\u79d2\u949f\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u6b21\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7ec4\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6458\u8981\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6458\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6458\u8981\u7ec4\u5408\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3arainbow table\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684rainbow table\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4ecd\u7136\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u5bb6\u201c\u66b4\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u906d\u6b83\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u8981\u662f\u6709\u67d0\u5bb6\u5382\u5546\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u540e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8981\u7279\u522b\u8b66\u60d5\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u5c51\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u641c\u7d22\u4e0b\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u54ea\u5bb6\u5382\u5546\u8eba\u7740\u4e2d\u67aa\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u9636\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"23\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5c06\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\u6df7\u5165\u201c\u968f\u673a\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u540e\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201cSalted Hash\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684rainbow table\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u201cpasswordhunter\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6458\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

10\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u8fd8\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684rainbow table\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u663e\u5361\u7684\u6050\u6016\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5bb6\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"24\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6545\u610f\u589e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u9700\u8017\u8d39\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5efa\u7acb\u6240\u9700\u7684rainbow table\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u660e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u7801\u6458\u8981\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5efa\u7acbrainbow table\u8d8a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\uff09PBKDF2<\/strong>(Password-Based Key Derivation Function)<\/p>\n

PBKDF2\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u5c06salted hash\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b21\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f1\u5fae\u79d2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba1\u7b971\u767e\u4e07\u6b21\u5c31\u9700\u89811\u79d2\u949f\u3002\u5047\u5982\u653b\u51fb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u6240\u9700\u7684rainbow table\u67091\u5343\u4e07\u6761\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684rainbow table\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f115\u5929\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5fd8\u800c\u751f\u754f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u519b\u65b9\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u6613\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e45\u7ecf\u8003\u9a8c\u7684SHA\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u00a0bcrypt<\/strong><\/p>\n

bcrypt<\/a>\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eBlowfish\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f62\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u7531Niels Provos\u548cDavid Mazi\u00e8res\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e1999\u5e74\u7684USENIX\u3002<\/p>\n

bcrypt\u6700\u5927\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff08work factor)\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14work factor\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6458\u8981\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u968f\u7740\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u5927work factor\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5df2\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u9646\u3002<\/p>\n

bcrypt\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5b89\u5168\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u8457\u79f0\u7684OpenBSD\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u6bd4PBKDF2\u66f4\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u52a0\u5f3a\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002bcrypt\u4e5f\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0scrypt<\/strong><\/p>\n

scrypt<\/a>\u662f\u7531\u8457\u540d\u7684FreeBSD\u9ed1\u5ba2 Colin Percival\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\u00a0Tarsnap<\/a>\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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